School-based sexuality education in Uganda : a grounded theory approach
Achora, Susan
Today, 1.2 billion adolescents stand at the challenging crossroads between childhood
and the adulthood. Driven by a combination of biological, psychological and social
forces, adolescence is a period of “stress and storm” for many adolescents predisposing
them to risky behaviours with long term consequences. Adolescence is not only a time
of vulnerability; it is also an age of opportunity for investment in sustained health and
wellbeing through education and preventive efforts to help them navigate risks and
vulnerabilities.
Evidence-based sexuality education programmes are a cornerstone in reducing
adolescent sexual risk behaviours and promoting sexual health. A qualitative, grounded
theory study was undertaken to explore and describe experiences of adolescents,
teachers and perceptions of parents of school-based sexuality education (SBSE). An indepth
literature review through concept analysis on the phenomenon was conducted to
assist the researcher with theoretical sensitivity and theoretical saturation. In-depth
Individual interviews and focus group interviews were conducted to generate data.
Interviews were audio-taped and transcribed by the researcher verbatim. The direct
quotes of participants were coded and arranged into meaning units for analysis. A
constant comparison method of data analysis was applied by following a Strauss and
Corbin (1998) analysis process of open, axial and selective coding to analyse textual
qualitative data until themes, categories and sub-categories were identified and
developed.
Data analysis revealed that adolescents benefitted from SBSE but the implementation
of programme was undermined by challenges at national, institutional, community,
family and individual levels enshrined in the physical. There were also challenging
contextual factors at various levels that influenced the benefits of the SBSE. It is
recommended that there is need to review the teaching and learning resources and to
fully integrate sexuality education into the formal curriculum. The ministry of education
in Uganda should take a leadership role in fostering engagement and participation of
major stakeholders, particularly teachers, parents and other community groups in
delivering school-based sexuality education that addresses the needs of the schoolgoing children
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