Tswanavolksverhaal
Swanepoel, Stefanus Arnoldus
Daar is verskeie wetenskaplike benaderingswyses tot
die studie van volksverhale. Die benaderingswyses
wat spesifiek op die inherente kenmerke van die volksverhaal
betrekking het, is:
(ii die strukturele;
(ii) mondeling-formalistiese; en
(iii) literere benaderingswyses.
In hierdie studie is die Tswanavolksverhaal vanuit 'n
kombinasie van bogenoemde benaderingswyses bestudeer,
maar met die klem op die literere benaderingswyse.
Die Rolongsprekende stamme is relatief verafgelee en
het derhalwe minder kulturele beinvloeding ondergaan.
Hierdie feit is onderliggend die rede vir die keuse
van Serolong, een van die sentrale dialekte, as die
dialek waarop die teoretiese raamwerke toegepas is.
Die belangrikste onderskeidende kenmerk van die
volksverhaal, is die mondelinge aard daarvan. Dit
word naamlik rnondeling van die een geslag na die
volgende oorgedra. In hierdie proses speel die
voordraer 'n belangrike rol. Hy maak veral van sy
taal en liggaam gebruik om gestalte aan die verhaal
te gee. Sekere woordkategoriee, sinstrukture asook stemmodulasie
is die vernaamste taalkundige elemente wat in
die voordrag van 'n verhaal voorkom.
Daar is tot op hede nog geen wetenskaplik-verantwoorde
studie oor die volksverhaal gedoen nie. So 'n
studie kan 'n bydrae lewer tot die taal-, letterkundige
en kulturele opvoeding van die betrokke volk.
In hierdie studie word die volksverhaal bestudeer as
'n onderafdeling van prosa en word derhalwe geevalueer
aan die hand van die algemene norme wat vir die epiek
in die algemeen geld. Die boustene waaruit 'n
volksverhaal saamgestel is, word verdeel in twee
groepe, naarnlik kwantitatiwe en kwalitatiewe bonstene.
Die kwantitatiewe boustene is woorde, refeine,
openings- en slotformules en sinne. Refreine en
openings- en slotformules is twee boustene wat tiperend
is van die volksverhaal.
Die kwalitatiewe boustene is tyd, ruimte, perspektief,
karakters en gebeure. Die mees uilstaande
kenmerk van bogenoemde is die gebeurestruktuur van
die volksverhaal.
Die Tswanavolksverhaal word bestudeer volgens die
riglyne deur Propp neergele in sy stukturele benadering
van volksverhale. Hiervolgens word 'n verhaal
opgebou uit 'n hele aantal kleiner boustene wat as "handelinge" getipeer word. Hierdie handelinge,
handelingsformules en handelingsopeenvolgings vorm
'n beweging en een of meer bewegings vorm 'n verhaal.; There are several scientific approaches to the study
of folk-tale. The approaches that deal specifically
with the inherent features of the folk-tale
are:
(j_) the structural;
(ii) oral-formalistic; and
(iii) literary.
This thesis deals with the Tswana folk-tale from a
combined viewpoint of the abovementioned approaches,
with the main stress on the literary approach.
Serolong, one of the central dialects of Setswana,
is chosen for the application of the theoretical
framework. The choice was mainly affected by the
fact that the Rolongspeaking tribes are a reasonable
distance away from other cultures and have therefore
been less influenced by them.
The major distinctive characteristic of the folktale
is that it is produced orally by the performer.
He or she plays a major part in the performance of
the folk-tale. The performer uses mainly his
language and body to comununicate the folk-tale.
Certain word categories (ideophones, interjections),
sentence structures and the modulation of the voice
are the main linguistic elements that a performer
applies in performing a folk-tale. Certain parts of the body are also used to assist the performer with
his performance.
Up to the present nobody has completed a scientific
study of the Tswana folk-tale. The language, literature
and the culture of the Tswana tribe can only
benefit from such a study.
The Tswana folk-tales are studied as prose and are
analysed according to those criteria. The elements
which form a folk-tale are therefore divided into
two groups namely the quantitative and qualitative
elements. Quantitative elements are words, refrains,
opening and closing formulae and sentences. Refrains
and the opening and closing formulae are two of the
quantitative elements that are characteristic of
the folk-tale. The qualitative elements are time,
space, character, plot and viewpoint:. The most
outstanding feature of them all is the plot-structure
of the folk-tale. It is ana]ysed according to the
structural viewpoint laid down by Vladimir Propp.
This model of Propp serves as a valid system for
the analysis of the Tswana folk-tale. According to
this model the plot structure is composed of small
units called functions. Functions, function-formulae
and function sequences constitute a movement and one
or more of these form a folk-tale.
Summary in Afrikaans and English
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