Communicative strategies used by witnesses of the Leon and Phumaphi Commissions of Enquiry in Lesotho
Mabena, Mamponi Irene
This study explored the communicative strategies which were used by participants who were
called in as witnesses before the Leon Commission and the Phumaphi Commission of Enquiry
in Lesotho in 1998 and 2015 respectively. The study specifically looked into the types of
communicative strategies employed, their linguistic realisations and their conversational
effectiveness in providing required information to the commissions. It further compared the
use of strategies by participants in both commissions. Data for this study was obtained from
twenty-six audio recordings of twenty-six witnesses. The study established that participants
used twelve types of communicative strategies which are classified under the following groups
based on their functional characteristics: conversational category which includes strategies
such as code-switching, fillers, vague language and circumlocution; a grammatical category
that comprises personal pronouns, direct speech, passive voice and questioning; a sociocultural
category that covers strategies such as figurative language, indirect communication, direct
refusal and indirect criticism. The study established that communicative strategies such as
code-switching, fillers, personal pronouns, and direct quoting were conversationally effective
as participants strategically employed them to succinctly express themselves. However,
strategies with concealing attributes such as those found under a sociocultural category and
those under the grammatical category (passive voice and questioning) were considered
conversationally ineffective as they withheld required information from the commissioners.
The study further established that participants of the latter commission were even more
unwilling to reveal information than those of the former, which suggests a growing
unwillingness to share information to commissions of enquiry.; Phuputso ena e hlahlobile maano a puisano a neng a sebediswa ke dipaki ka pela Komishene
ya Leon le Komishene ya Phumaphi ya dipatlisiso naheng ya Lesotho ka 1998 le 2015.
Phuputso e nyebekollotse ka kotloloho mefuta ya maano a puisano a sebedisitsweng,
tshebediso ya ona kahara puo le katleho kapa tshetiso ya ona ho fana ka tlhaiso-leseding e neng
e hlokwa ke di Komishene. E boetse e bapisitse hore na dipaki dikomisheneng ka bobeli di
sebedisitse maano ana jwang. Ditaba tsa boithuto bona di fumanwe ho tswa direkotong tse
mashome a mabedi a metso e tsheletseng (26) tsa dipaki. Phuputso e netefaditse hore dipaki di
sebedisitse mefuta e leshome le metso e mmedi (12) ya maano a puisano a arotsweng tlasa
dihlopha tse latelang ho ipapisitswe le ditshobotsi tsa ona: sehlopha sa puisano se kenyelletsang
maano a joalo ka tshebediso ya dipuo tse fetang bonngwe, ho kgitlela, puo e sa hlakang, le ho
potoloha. Sehlopha se seng ke sa tlhophiso ya puo mme sona se na le maano a kang seemedi,
puo e qotsitsweng, sehlwai-potoloho. Sehlopha sa setso sona se kenyeletsa maano a joalo ka
mekgabo-puo, puo e potetseng, ho hana ka kotloloho, le nyefolo e kubutileng hlooho. Phuputso
e netefaditse hore maano a puisano a joalo ka tshebediso ya dipuo tse fetang bonngwe, ho
kgitlela, seemedi, le puo e qotsitsweng, di sebedisitswe hantle ka ha di atlehile ho thusa dipaki
ho itlhalosa ka nepo le ho fana ka lesedi le hlakileng ditabeng tsa bona. Leha ho le joalo, maano
a sa bueng puo-phara a kang a fumanwang tlasa sehlopha sa setso le a mang a sehlopha sa
tlhophiso ya puo (a kang sehlwai-potoloho le dipotso), boithuto bona bo sibollotse hore a
sebedisitswe ho sitisa tlhahiso-leseding e hlokwang ke bakomishenara. Phuputso e boetse e
netefaditse hore dipaki tsa komishene ya morao-rao di ne di sa ikemisetsa ho fana ka tlhahiso leseding papisong le dipaki tsa komishene ya pele. Boithuto bona bo utullotse hore
maikemisetso a ho fana ka tlhaiso-leseding ho dikomishene tsa dipatlisiso a qepha.; Esi sifundo sijonge ubuchule beendlela zonxebelelwano ezohlukileyo phakathi kwabantu
ababemenyiwe ukuba bathathe inxaxheba njengamangqina kwiKhomishoni yoPhando KaLeon
eyenzeka ngo1998 kunye neKhomishoni kaPhumaphi eyenzeka ngonyaka ka2015. Olu phando
luye lwaqalasela ezindlela zokuqhakamishelana ezisetyenziswe apha, ukusetyenziswa kolwimi
kunye nobuchule bokuthetha kula mangqina ngethuba enikeza ubungqina kwezi khomishoni.
Olu phando luphinde lwathelekisa indlela amangqina asebenzise ngazo ezindlela
zoqhakamishelwano kwezi khomishoni zombini. Ingqokelela-lwazi yolu phando ithathwe
kumangqina angamashumi amabini anesithandathu apho kushicilelwe izimvo zawo kwezi
khomishoni. Olu phando lufumanise ukuba la mangqina asebenzise ubuchule beendlela
zonxebelelwano ezingamashumi amabini. Obu buchule beendlela zonxebebelwano ziqukwa
ngokokusebenza kwazo ekuthetheni ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: ukuncokola okuquka ukuthetha
iilwimi ezohlukeneyo ngexesha elinye, amazwi amafutshane angenantsingiselo asetyenziswa
kwizimo ezinje ngokukhuza, ulwimi olungacacanga kunye nokusetyenziswa kolwimi
ngendlela yokuba umntu athethe into inde apho ngeyethethe ngamagama ambalwa ukucacisa
into afuna ukuyicacisa ngendlela engcono. Eyesibini yimo yokusetyensizwa kolwimi
ngokuthetha nqo, ngokungathethi nqo kunye nokubanemibuzo. Eyesithathu kukujonga ulwimi
nenkcubeko ngokuba kubukwe indlela abantu abasebenzisa ulwimi ngokweenkcubeko zabo
apho bathetha besebenzisa iinkcazelo ezisuka kwiinckubeko zabo, ukungathethi nqo ngenxa
yemo yabo yentlalo nokuthetha, ukungafuni ukuthetha ngenxa yezizimo zentlalo nenkcubeko
kunye nokugxeka ngendlea ekwekwayo ngenxa yezizimo zentlalo nenkcubeko. Olu phando
lubonise ukuba obu buchule beendlela zokuthetha lusetyenziswe ngamangqina ezi khomishoni
luquke imo apho amangqina ebethetha iilwimi ezohlukeneyo ngexesha elinye, amangqina
ayakwasebenzise amagama amafutshane angenantsingiselo asetyenziswa kwimo ezifana
nokukhuza, aphinda acaphula. Ngowekenza ngolu hlobo, amanqina abanokalisile ukuba ezi
ndlela zobuchule bokuthetha zincedisene nomsebenzi wezi khomishoni ngoba amangqina
akwazile ukubangamaciko ekuchazeni izimvo zawo. Nangona kunjalo, ezinye iindlela
zobuchule zoqhakamishelwano ezifana nezo zichaphazela inkcubeko nentlalo yabantu kunye
nezokungathethi nqo, ziwachapahezele kakubi amangqina kuba zenze ukuba amangqina
angakhululeki ekunikezeleni ubungqina apho kubonakale ukuba abakwazanga ukunikeza
iinkcukaca ezibalulekileyo kwezi khomishoni ngenxa yoku. Olu phando luphinde
lwabonakalisa ukuba amangqina weKhomishoni loPhando kaPhumaphi aye awodlula
amangiqna weKhomishoni kaLeon ngokungafuni ukunikeza ngobungqina obuthile. Le nto ibirhanelisa ukuba bekukho umoya apha kwamangqina wokungafuni ncam ukunikeza
ngobungqina kwezi khomishoni.
Text in English with summaries in English, Northern and Southern Sotho; Bibliography: leaves 196-215
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